In 2012, approximately 12% of the 234,793 immigrants, and 21% of the 23,094 refugees, admitted to Canada were youth.  Refugee and immigrant youth often have different migration trajectories and experiences from each other, which may result in different health outcomes.  Refugee youth have often fled from war or natural disasters in their home countries and may be separated from their families. These experiences, along with others (such as torture, violence, forced labour, targeted persecution, and forced migration) have been suggested as determinants of physical and mental health among refugees.  In contrast, immigrant youth are more likely to arrive with their families, who have often had the chance to consider and plan their journey to the new country.  Regardless of whether they come as immigrants or refugees, newcomers face common post-migration challenges that may affect their both their mental and physical health. Post-migration determinants of health and illness for these population have been identified at various levels: individual (e.g., age, gender, language fluency, ethnicity, knowledge of the health care system); familial (e.g., family (in)stability, socio-economic status, intergenerational conflict); institutional (e.g., availability (or lack) of access to appropriate care and services, (non)acceptance of foreign credentials); and societal (e.g., discrimination, racism, poverty).